- Knowledgebase: Information on Specific Illnesses
- Here you will find discussions of specific illnesses and their management.
- 53. Hand Foot and Mouth Infection - Top
- Coxsackievirus infection
Definition
A viral infection that usually begins in the throat. It is caused by the Coxsackievirus.
Causes, Incidence and Risk Factors
The throat, tonsils, hands, feet, and diaper area are affected by a rash with blisters caused by infection with the Coxsackievirus. The infection affects young children from 2 weeks to 3 years old most commonly. The outbreaks occur most often in the spring and fall. This is usually a mild illness with the rash healing in 5 to 7 days.
Symptoms
fever
sore throat
blisters or ulcers in the throat and mouth
headache
a rash with blisters on hands, feet and diaper area
loss of appetite
Signs And Tests
A physical examination and history of recent illness are usually sufficient to diagnose hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for the infection other than symptomatic relief of symptoms.
Treatment with antibiotics is not effective. Acetaminophen can be used to treat fever. Aspirin should not be used in viral illnesses in children.
Salt water mouth rinses (1/2 teaspoon of salt to 1 glass of warm water) may be soothing if the child is able to rinse without swallowing. Ensure an adequate fluid intake because swallowing may be painful. Extra fluid is needed when a fever is present.
Expectations (Prognosis)
Generally, complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days.
Complications
possible convulsions with high fever (febrile seizures)
possible nervous system infection (such as viral meningitis or encephalitis)
Calling Your Health Care Provider
Apply home treatment and call the health care provider if there are signs of complications such as pain in neck or arms and legs. Other times to call include when a high fever is not reduced by medication, signs of dehydration occur such as dry skin and mucus membranes, weight loss, irritability, lethargy, decreased or dark urine.
Emergency symptoms include convulsions.
Prevention
Avoid contact with people with known illness.
The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.
- Updated: March 5, 2001
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